Chickenpox in children aged 0 to 36 months

Chickenpox is a common disease kids. This disease is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZ), which usually causes fever and a rash consisting of small vesicles (or blisters) of water content surrounded by a pink or reddish halo they can appear anywhere: scalp or mucous membranes (mouth, throat, vagina). Chickenpox can occur at any age, but most often affecting children under 10 years.
The VZ virus is spread through the air, from skin lesions or throat of the sick person. The virus is inhaled and the disease starts about two weeks later (for 10-20 days). People who have been previously disease rarely develop again, even when in contact with the virus again. However, and although it is very rare, sometimes you can pass chickenpox a second time. In this case, the disease is usually mild and tend to occur in children who passed before their first birthday.
A person who has had chickenpox have it for life the virus in their nerve cells, so it can reappear years later causing a Herpes Zoster, consisting of a rash with blisters, sometimes very painful, affecting an area close (as a band) on one side of the body, usually the back. Although Shingles usually affects older people, sometimes also it affects children.

Symptoms and course of the disease

Sometimes, children are ill a day before the eruption of chickenpox, but usually the first sign of the disease is the appearance of small red lesions that look like insect bites. In the next 24 hours, these lesions develop into small blisters clear and turbid water content later, they finally dry up and form scabs.
A sick person may have from 20 to over 1000 of these lesions, but typically is between 250 and 500. This rash causes intense itching, which causes daytime irritability and sleeplessness at night. Most children have a fever, but rarely high (the more severe the rash, the higher is the fever). They may also have a mild sore throat, and swollen glands in the neck. Often the lack of appetite.
As van crusting blisters and low fever, your child will begin to feel better. The disease usually lasts 7-10 days and injuries that may occur in the eyes do not require special treatment unless they produce marked redness or swelling. When the scabs fall off, they may leave a light or dark spots usually disappear within months, but can take years to do so.

When should you worry?

If your child has vomiting continued, it is excessively sleepy / a, has difficulty walking, intense coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, severe stomach pain or fever greater than 40 °, you'll have to consult the doctor, but not it need not be immediate.
But if the child / a has a redness, pain, or unusual swelling in the areas of rash, fever for over a week or continues to present new lesions after 7 days, it is recommended that you go to the emergency room.

helpful hints

To relieve itching. It is very important to relieve itching, which is the most troublesome for the child / a symptom. The warm baths with oatmeal or 1/2 cup of baking not only achieved, but also cleanse the skin and help prevent a possible superimposed bacterial infection. Calamine lotion lesions also relieves itching and is recommended.
Oral antihistamines also reduce itching and help sleep. Paracetamol can be used if the fever is greater than 38.5 °. Do not give aspirin to children with chickenpox ® because it has been linked to the dual aspirin-Varicella with a disease called Reye syndrome, which affects the brain, liver and kidneys. Antibiotics are not useful to treat chickenpox.
Try to prevent scratching: pay special attention to cutting the fingernails of the hands to prevent further injuries scratching.
At lunchtime, normal diet: Offer the child / to a normal diet, but remember that you may not be too hungry and do not worry if you do not eat for a few days than usual. Encourage him / a to drink plenty of juices or give a fair amount of your favorite soft drink, especially if you have a fever.
You can bathe normally: do not be afraid to bathe the child / a, even if you have a severe rash. Baths do not spread the rash or worse, on the contrary, will likely help prevent bacterial infection. But rub her gently and carefully, and then dry it well.

Contagion

Chickenpox is one of the most contagious diseases in the world. People with chickenpox are contagious from two days before the onset of the rash until all lesions have completely dried. It is therefore impossible to avoid infection in the house. Unfortunately, the second child has chickenpox in the family usually has a more intense version of the disease, with high fever and a larger eruption.
Chickenpox can be very serious in people with low defenses, such as cancer patients or undergoing chemotherapy or steroids. If the child belongs to one of these groups, see your doctor urgently. If the child knows someone with these characteristics has been in contact with him, says the sooner the family.
A child with chickenpox can return to school or day care when all lesions have dried up, what usually happens after about one week of the onset of rash. Sometimes, one or two vesicles can persist under the skin of the palms of the hands or feet, but are not contagious if the rest of the lesions have crusted over. A healthy adult or child who has had chickenpox can not infect another person, although it is as a carrier of the virus. The child / a can visit the grandparents or other relatives, because they will not develop shingles by the mere fact of having been in contact with a child with chickenpox.
Important note: Because chickenpox is highly contagious, if you have to take the child to the office during the illness, kindly indicate this to the nurse or the front desk for that take you to another waiting room and not between contact with other children / as.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THIS TOPIC:

1. Is it true that the varicella vaccine should only be children because adults already have passed?
Chickenpox can occur at any age, but most often affecting children under 14 years. Adolescents over 14 years and susceptible adults are a risk group for severe varicella hospitalization rates of complications and higher than the pediatric population lethality.
If an adult not suffered as a child, it is susceptible to the disease and therefore should consider the vaccine. A children over 12-15 months and can vaccinate them with a single dose. Adults should receive two doses of 0.5 ml, with an interval of 4-8 weeks subcutaneously, without yet further revaccination is recommended.

2. Can you get chickenpox again if you have already had before?
Although it is rare, you can get chickenpox a second time. In this case, the disease is usually mild and tend to occur in children who passed first before the year of age.

3. Is it possible that because my son had chicken pox, my mother would leave a cold in the back?
A person who has had chickenpox will carry the virus for life in their nerve cells, so it can reappear years later causing a shingles. Usually it affects older people, often coinciding with outbreaks of chickenpox, but can also affect children, especially those who had before one year of age.

4. My son was with his cousin, who was not then there is nothing for an hour and a half and handed chickenpox: how fast can catch a disease ?:
Chickenpox is one of the most contagious diseases in the world. People with chickenpox are contagious from two days before the onset of the rash until all lesions have completely dried. It is therefore almost impossible to avoid infection at home or school.

5. Should I separate my two children if the largest has caught chickenpox?
The second child has chickenpox in a family usually has more intensely disease, with higher fever and a more extensive rash. Must separate if a very young infant and if there are doubts that the mother and previously passed or if the little brother has a chronic skin problem or low defenses. You can also consult your pediatrician vaccinate small if it is still on time and has more than 12 months old.

6. My father is with chemotherapy and has passed chickenpox as a child. What you can visit the child if still some bumps, but are already few?
Chickenpox can be very serious in people with low defenses, such as cancer patients or undergoing chemotherapy or steroids.

7. Why I can not normally bathe my child with chickenpox?
Do not be afraid to bathe the child, even if you have a severe rash. Baths do not spread the rash or worse, on the contrary, will likely help prevent bacterial infection. But rub her gently and carefully, and then dry it well.

8. He said the emergency doctor if fever had chickenpox do not give him ibuprofen, paracetamol better, but does not like drops of oral paracetamol and vomiting. What should I do?
Do not give aspirin to children with chickenpox ®, since its use has been associated with chickenpox in patients with a condition called Reye syndrome, which affects the brain, liver and kidneys. Like ibuprofen is also anti-inflammatory, in principle it is also not recommended. Adminístrale paracetamol oral solution to child (distinct flavor that oral drops) or suppository if the fever is high, cover with a few clothes or give him a warm bath if only moderate or slight fever.

9. Is it possible complicating varicella in a child, otherwise healthy?
Complications of chickenpox are more likely in immunocompromised patients than in the rest of the population. But they can also occur in children and especially adults and adolescents over 14 years. The lethality is almost always due to the more common in smokers and pregnant varicella pneumonia, but are much more frequent complications of skin infection by bacteria. If your child has redness, pain, or unusual swelling in the areas of rash, fever for over a week or continues to present new lesions after 7 days, it is recommended that you go to the emergency room.

10. The chickenpox vaccine can prevent infection if there has already been contact with other infected children and is brewing?
Postexposure immunity has an efficiency of about 90%, if administered within the first three days, and possibly up to five days after having been contact.

The 4 most dangerous diseases in children

These four diseases are curable without resorting to expensive treatments, but each year are the cause of more than 17 million children between 7 and under 7 years old die. In your hands it is prevent and address them as symptoms occur:

Pneumonia: Also known as infection of the lungs, it is the killer of one million children a year, representing 15% of children under 5 years. Most striking is that yes there is a cure, but not everyone follows the appropriate treatment or attend the symptoms as they arise. So if your child attends the nursery is advisable to talk to your doctor to see if it is desirable that the fixtures pneumococcal vaccine thus can more safely protect preventing sick.

Diarrhoea accounts for 9% of all deaths in children under 5 years. The main causes are gastrointestinal infections, colds, antibiotics and excess fruit or juice in your daily diet. However, you can also have diarrhea in a child with enzyme deficiencies or dentition (he is credited by increased salivation having a baby when you are sprouting teeth). The recommendation is promptly consult your pediatrician to let you know how you should act and keep hydrated, because the lack of fluids is the leading cause of death from diarrhea.

Malaria: Its symptoms resemble those of pneumonia, so diagnose wrongly can lead to improper treatment. This disease is also a major cause of anemia in children. To avoid the main thing is prevention through the use of mosquito nets on doors and windows.

Malnutrition: Every year about 3 million children lack of nutrients due to poor nutrition. It is very important that during the first 6 months of life are fed exclusively on breast milk and subsequently to a diet rich in nutrients, especially iron and folic acid. If it is not consumed in the right in the first 3 years of age amounts, iron deficiency, as well as causing anemia, can alter behavior and lifelong learning.
With information from the UNICEF

vomiting
Some children throw up more often than others. When a child vomits a lot or shows signs of dehydration, give rehydration serum. At first give a spoonful every 15 minutes, even if vomiting continues. If you hold the drink, give a spoonful every 5 minutes. Then give longer sips. The child may recover their strength if you take fluids and food as soon as possible.

Fever (fever)
Children often develop a fever when their bodies are fighting a disease. They may have high fevers. To help you feel better, give paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen. cool cloths or (but not cold) cool bath can also help. Give plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. A high fever in a young child can cause an attack. What is more important is to try to discover the disease that is causing fever and treat it.

Fever
Chills or much sweat
Headache, aching muscles, bellyache
Vomiting or diarrhea
Treatment
When possible, do a blood test before treating malaria.

Children with malaria commonly have anemia as well, so they must also take iron supplements.

Danger signs
Difficulty breathing
Seizures, confusion, unconsciousness or any other sign of infection to the brain (see Meningitis).
A child with these signs is in danger and needs medical help immediately. On the way, inject artesunate. If no artesunate, inject quinine. See "Some serious infectious diseases" (in processo writing).

Prevention
For different steps you can take to prevent malaria in his family and community.

Seizures, convulsions

The attacks are sudden and brief periods of unconsciousness or changes in mental status. Often the body also trembles or sometimes, the child becomes very still.

A young child may have seizures due to high fever, dehydration, injury, malaria, or other reasons. Epilepsy is the name given to these attacks when repeated. See "Problems of head and brain" (being drafted).

During an attack, clear the area around the child to avoid hitting something that hurt him. Lay the child on its side so that it does not choke if she vomits. Never hold a child who suffers an attack or attempt to grab the tongue.

An isolated attack, which apparently is not due to one of these dangerous causes, may not be a problem (even gives shock watch). If the attacks are repeated, consult your health worker.

The spasms that causes tetanus may be mistaken attacks. The jaw is closed ( "locking" of the jaw) and the body is arched backwards. Learn to identify the early signs of tetanus.


Meningitis
Meningitis is a rare but serious infection that affects the brain and spinal cord. Usually begins without apparent reason and the first sign is fever. Sometimes it occurs as a result of another disease, such as tuberculosis, measles or mumps.

Meningitis caused by tuberculosis may take several weeks to develop.

The traditional way of caring for a baby

If you're a new mom you may be're now facing things that you've never done, from changing a diaper, to maintain camaraderie the umbilical cord of your baby. Many new situations can sometimes provoke some uncertainty, especially if you are surrounded by  mothers, grandmothers, and other experts in the field of childcare, you get sometimes contradictory advice.

Our culture has many traditions that go back generations ago, about caring for a baby and what to do if you fall ill. They are beliefs that were popular when there was no scientific way to explain the disease. They were practical attributing the causes of the disorders to a mixture of physical and spiritual problems.

When a new member reaches a Latino family is common for older family members offer advice and support to the new mom. For example, the help that is offered to start breastfeeding is very important because in the beginning some women have difficulties. Without family support it is easier to leave, and you know how beneficial it is breast milk for your baby. But there are other practices that may provide you with the best intentions, family members who are closer to the traditional Latin culture that the methods of modern medicine. Especially grandmothers or aunts who have raised many children with these methods without any problems. But these practices have to have a bit of caution, because we now know things not previously know.

Latin culture has many very positive spiritual roots, you really do good to those who believe in them and practice them. But there is another set of beliefs about some diseases that can cause problems, since the treatment does not cure the cause of the disease is applied. In the case of a baby who does not have the defenses or the strength of an adult, you have to be careful with these remedies.

Listen politely councils of elders, speaking of traditions, not the offense calling them something useless: they belong to our rich culture and beliefs are there to listen and share as part of our past, but if any of these practices you think something dangerous, explain why not consider appropriate to apply it to your baby. Invite your family members to come with you to the doctor to show you why some of these practices today have been replaced by other methods.

Respect for our elders and ancient traditions is not incompatible with modern medicine, but for your baby always has the help of your doctor to treat their illnesses and consultation with traditional practices to see if they seem appropriate. If you do not have insurance, your baby can be attended for free.

food for babies

Meat

They can eat any meat from 6 months old. Start, the most recommended are the chicken and rabbit, being of small animals. Beef, being of a larger animal, has more collagen and digestion can be a bit more difficult. Pork, meanwhile, can also be indigestible and sirloin is recommended, as a juicier meat without nerves.

Sausages, for the amount of salt, preservatives and dyes, and the low percentage of meat actually taking the baby can be offered from 6 months but always in a timely manner.

Fish and seafood

With the fish have many years dizzy partridge and we have seen recommendations ranging from 9 months to 3 years, depending on who you ask. Thanks to the review of studies commented know that babies can eat fish from 6 months but should avoid giving large fish, the amount of mercury that accumulate (swordfish, shark, tuna and pike), which can be eaten in moderation from 3 years (the fault is not of the children or the fish, but the mercury reaches the sea of ​​industries).

With respect to seafood, it specializes in accumulate cadmium, which is also toxic, and therefore not recommended offer until children are at least 3 years.

Vegetables

Pulses can begin to be offered at six months and, in fact, being rich in iron, it is recommended to do so, it is interesting to accompany some food rich in vitamin C so that the iron is absorbed better: orange, tangerine, tomato, etc. .

If the skin of the baby suffers legumes flatulence is better remove it. If you still removing the skin, legumes still produce flatulence, it is better to wait a while to offer them again, or give them sparingly.

Egg

The egg is another who refused to give up to 12 months, but passing to eat after six months as well.

The 6 most common diseases in infants and how to treat

There are many parents do not even like to think about that possibility. Certain diseases and however, are so common during the first year for the baby are almost routine.

It is very likely that your baby will experience one or more of the following six diseases during their first year after baby born. There are things you can do to treat some of the symptoms and your baby is not so uncomfortable.


Constipation
Constipation is very common disease and that's affecting about thirty percent of children at some point. Note that there are no timetables or "normal" numbers when we talk about poop babies. Your baby will have its own pattern. Some babies poop after every meal and others only do a few times a week.

Your individual pattern depends on what you eat and drink, how active and how fast digesting their food and eliminating waste. With practice, you can adapt to the unique patterns of your baby.

If you're worried because you think your baby is constipated, there are a few signals that you must be careful. One indication is that less poop than usual, especially if not done in three days or more and it is very obvious that you are uncomfortable with bowel movements again. Another sign that you may be constipated is when their beams are hard, dry and difficult to pass, no matter how frequent are.

If highly liquid notes poop in your baby's diaper, do not assume it's diarrhea. In fact, it may be evidence of constipation. Liquid poo can pass the obstruction of the lower intestine and end up in your baby's diaper.

Find other causes constipation and how to treat it. further notes our handy guide baby poop to find out what is normal and what is not.


Coughs and colds
It is almost certain that your baby will grow cold during the first year. There are hundreds of viruses that cause colds or colds, and your baby can not fight as easily as you because their immune system is still developing. In addition, babies explore everything with their hands and mouths, giving the viruses that cause colds wide opportunity to enter their bodies.

Colds are especially common in the fall and winter, when babies spend more time in their homes, an environment contain viruses, they can spread more easily from person to person.

On average, adult fish two to four colds a year; the average child of six to ten. A child who is in day care can have up to twelve colds a year!

Determine whether your baby has a common cold, allergy, or disease would be more difficult. The characteristics of a cold include a nose that does not stop leaking (with light, yellowish or greenish mucus), sneezing, and possibly a mild cough or fever. More clues:

Behavior. A child with a common cold can continue playing as usual. If it is a more serious illness, probably you have less energy and be cranky.


gradual start. A cold start quietly, it worsens, and calm in 10 days or less. Diseases like influenza often have a quick start. Allergies tend to be continuous, and do not cause fever.



Diaper rash
Diaper rash are a fact of life for children. Almost all babies suffer from diaper rash sometime. Interestingly, in countries where they are not used diapers, diaper rash are almost unknown. However, in the United States, about one in four babies suffering from diaper rash during their first month of life.

Diaper rash is not a sign that you are a careless mother, although you can certainly believe that when you look so soft and smooth skin of your baby, red and irritated. It is true that a baby who is left in a dirty diaper for too long is more likely to develop a rash. However, any baby with sensitive skin can rub, even if their parents diaper change every few minutes.

Even the most absorbent diapers on the market do not remove all the urine from the baby's delicate skin. The bacteria in urine mixed with poop decomposes and forms ammonia, which can be very rough.

Introducing new solid foods into your baby's diet, can change the composition of the poop or cause the baby to evacuate more frequently, which can cause scratches.



Diarrhea
When your child has diarrhea, you can immediately identify her. Unlike a liquid bowel movement, which occurs occasionally, diarrhea tends to be more frequent and more watery liquid (or too thin). Sometimes also it has a foul odor. (The baby being breastfed usually produces a soft poop with a shape that is recognizable, it also has a sweet smell, like butter, or no real smell). The streak of diarrhea can last for several days and is sometimes accompanied by pain with cramps.

Acute diarrhea is common in children; up to 1 in 6 children visit your doctor every year because of an episode. Causes in most cases babies are bacterial or viral infections.

Diarrhea caused by a viral infection may be accompanied by vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, chills and muscle aches. A bacterial infection can be accompanied by cramps, blood in the poop, fever, and perhaps vomiting. Usually,  food allergies and a reaction to an antibiotic can cause diarrhea.

Drinking too much juice is also a common cause of diarrhea. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends not giving fruit juice to infants during the first six months, and no more than 4 ounces (118 ml) per day after that age.


Ear infections
Children suffer more ear infections (acute otitis media) than any other disease diagnosed, except for the common cold. 80 to 90 percent of all children suffer from an ear infection before age 3. Some children, not so lucky, suffering from ear infections again and again. Why?

First, your baby is usually to ear infections. The small space rear each eardrum which  connected on behind of the throat by a (eustachian tube) thats is tiny channel. Anything that interferes with the function of the Eustachian tube or block the normal drainage of the middle ear, as commonly happens with colds and even allergies, can increase the risk of infection.

Babies tend to suffer from ear infections than young children because the Eustachian tubes are fairly flat on a baby. As the baby's head grows, the tubes acquire a more upright position, so that the liquid can drain more easily.

Your baby will be more likely to get ear infections if exposed to cigarette smoke, if you attend a nursery, bottle feed or when lying. Prolonged pacifier use also appears to increase the risk of this type of infection. And sometimes an ear infection occurs out of nowhere and for no apparent reason.

Common symptoms of an ear infection include:

A sudden change in behavior (crying, irritability).
Older babies can be pulled or rubbing the ears.
Vomiting, usually feel sick, and sometimes diarrhea.


Threw up
Almost all babies vomit at some point. Vomiting is usually stronger and in greater quantity than your baby spits up after eating. If your baby seems distressed when this is happening, probably vomiting. Spitting does not disturb at all to most babies.

Unless there is persistent vomiting is rarely dangerous time and possible causes are many. It may be a sign of an illness (such as viral gastroenteritis, urinary tract infection, an ear infection or something more serious) or due to eating disorders or are simply eating too much.

Other possible causes include allergies, ingesting something toxic, or just coughing or mourn too much. A very fussy baby can literally "sick himself."

It is not easy to determine the exact cause vomiting, so you better also be alert to other symptoms. For example, a viral infection that causes diarrhea usually causes vomiting or fever. Vomiting related to food occurs shortly after meals.

See which may cause vomiting and how to help your baby.

The sign language for babies

By nine months of age, babies already know what they need and want but lack the ability to communicate in words. However, your hands are ready to do so by signs. A new trend in education is narrowing the gap between the stage of babbling and words. Preverbal infants can say what they want long before they can speak, communicating with sign language.

By teaching baby sign language it is to provide it with a tool to express their needs, thoughts and emotions during the stage prior to language fluency, which occurs between 24 and 36 months old. In fact, all parents teach our babies some signs, such as hand fan to say "goodbye" or shake her head. However, when babies can replace some of their cries, tears and tantrums with a few simple hand movements, no longer feel frustrated because they can not make themselves understood.

The baby  (LSB) is based on (ASL) which is the standard used by the deaf in the United States. Conceived as a temporary tool, the LSB baby fosters self-esteem, facilitates communication, reduces preceding the verbal stage frustration, strengthens memory skills and encourages the development of spoken language.

You might think that if there is an emphasis on manual communication, verbal communication may be delayed. But in reality it is the opposite: several studies have shown that babies who use sign language not only learn to speak sooner, but for the two years have, on average, a vocabulary of 50 words more than a child He did not use sign language, while three years are expected language skills in children four. And crawling stimulates interest of a child by walking, using sign language seems to create a bridge for verbal communication. Studies indicate that using sign language can also help to have a better understanding of grammar and conjugation of verbs.

The transition from sign language to verbal language is simple, because once the child knows and can pronounce the word to refer to an object, stop using the sign, especially if parents quit using it.

It is advisable to start from the 6 or 7 months to about 10 months the baby can begin to express themselves with signs. To teach your baby the LSB you need not be an expert. Among the most common words that teaching sign starts are those relating to food, bathing, animals, emotions and play. Start with a few signs and gradually progresses to more abstract concepts. Help him to form the sign with their hands and have a lot of patience.


The sign language for babies (babies with 6 months age) is a good and efective tool that can learn to use parents
(caregivers, educators ...) with their babies to communication from six months average. At this age, babies begin to master the use of his hands, and then they using them to communicate their wants, needs, or just to talk. For example, they ask and raising your baby hands.


When your baby cries try to find out why, but as you can not tell, you have to use trial and error. Sign language helps you connect with your baby in a different way, taking advantage of new skills you are developing your baby. And then, can you imagine if your baby is able to tell you what you want or need without having to play a guessing game.




Advantages of signs for babies


Sign language for baby

Sigmar is rewarding because it simplifies communication and you facilitate an understanding with your baby at the same time, you provide a new stimulus to the physical and mental development.

- It's fun!
- Reduce the frustration of all.
- Promotes the development of speech.
- Develop your personality.
- Teaches gesturing.
- Promotes reading.
- Increases concentration levels.
- Strengthens verbal skills.
- Develop self-esteem of the child.
- Promotes vocabulary.
- Reduce tantrums for lack of understanding.
- Raises awareness of the needs.

And above all ...

- Reduce stress
- Develops Intelligence
- Encourage a stronger link

How does the sign language for babies come from?

Sign language for babies in the US emerged in the eighties, thanks to the work of Dr. Joseph Garcia and two teachers, Linda Acredolo and Susan Goodwyn. Dr. Garcia, a specialist in Child Development, found that babies of deaf parents could communicate more easily than infants of hearing parents. In fact, about nine months, these babies were already advanced users of sign language, while other babies of hearing parents could not express this age.

He also noticed that babies of deaf parents appeared to be less demanding because they could express themselves better. And, in this way, the initiative of Dr. García could benefit study how sign language to hearing parents came. His research with 17 families revealed that hearing babies could learn to designate very easily, since babies develop early handling their hands. Here's how the Baby Signs Baby Signs or emerged.

Dr. García published his research in 1987 and later wrote the book The Complete Guide to Baby Signing. Dr. Garcia's mission is to "model" signs for babies and they know safeguard communication problems by themselves. Dr. Garcia has been developed based on the realization signs intuitive method.

If my baby learn the signs for babies cease to learn to speak?

Not at all! A study by Acredolo and Goodwin at the University of California and a grant from the National Institutes of Health-shows just the opposite. Baby Signs facilitate the acquisition of spoken language. When comparing children who had used signs with children who do not use them, it was found that children using signs scored higher on tests of comprehension and linguistic expression.

When my baby will respond with signs?

The typical age for a baby begins to designate usually between 10 and 14 months. Although that depends on each baby and every baby is different, as they say. Some will have more desire to communicate to others (some babies prefer climbing the sofa and others prefer to read books) or maybe a superior development of related skills (eg, memory, imitation, attention). But it also depends on the constancy with which parents for their babies. You must remember that the baby will not be able to respond to the 6/8 months, so if you start soon your baby can not answer yet. But once you make your first signs, others come shot

Your baby with colic

when baby cries every night, weeping and wearing both you to the point of wanting to join him. What could be bothering your baby?

All kids cry and  show more some concern. But when a baby, that apart from this is healthy cries for more than three hours a day, more than 3 days a week for at least three weeks, it is a condition defined as colic. Colic usually has no medical significance and finally disappears by itself.

About colic
It is estimated that up to 40% of all infants have colic. Usually they begin between the 3rd and 6th week after birth and ends when the baby is between 3 and 4 months old. While, If your baby is still crying excessively after that, the cause is another health problem.

Here are some key facts about colic occur:

Colicky babies have a healthy sucking reflex and good appetite, are healthy in other respects and are growing well. Call your doctor if your baby is not feeding well or have a reflection of strong suction.
A colicky babies like to be hugged and loaded her up. Call your doctor if your baby seems uncomfortable when loading or difficult to console.
Colicky babies can spit occasionally, but if your baby is actually vomiting and / or losing weight, call your doctor. (Vomiting is to return the contents of the stomach violently through the mouth while spitting is a smooth flow of stomach contents out of the mouth.) Vomiting repeatedly is not a sign of colic.
Colicky babies usually have normal stools. Then, if your baby has diarrhea or blood in the stool, call your doctor.


Does the renal colic is or may be hazardous to health?
My wife suffered from this problem last Friday I wonder if in the future may have some major complication of me to worry.


dietary advice
In breastfed children, it has shown that a hypoallergenic diet of the mother, based on the elimination of dairy products, wheat, eggs and nuts, may be effective in relieving the symptoms of the baby. 4 5 6 is amply demonstrated the presence of food allergens in human, such as egg proteins, gluten (contained in wheat, barley, rye, oats, and all their hybrids), milk cow milk and of cacahuete.7 8 in general, concentrations relate to the amount of food eaten by the mother. Allergens quickly pass into breast milk, in the minutes after ingestion and can remain for several hours.7

On the other hand, it has been suggested that this exposure to food allergens through lactation could induce tolerance in the baby 7 although at present has not been established how and when babies exposed to potential food allergens. 9 Other factors play an addition, such as genetics, smoking or style paper life.7

In the case of gluten, it has now been demonstrated that neither early exposure to gluten and duration of breastfeeding prevent the risk of developing celiac disease, although the delay in introduction of gluten is associated with a delay in onset of disease.10 This contradicts the recommendations issued in 2008 by the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology (ESPGHAN for its acronym in English) for families of children at risk of developing celiac disease, which consisted of gradually introducing small amounts of gluten in the diet during the period from 4 to first 7 months of life, while maintaining lactation materna.10 11 genetic risk (presence of HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8 or its alleles haplotypes) is a important factor that predicts the chance of developing the disease celíaca.12

In children who are not breastfed, Hydrolyzed formulas use milk instead of normal cow, it seems to improve cólicos.5 6

The use of herbal teas generally not recommended. There is a study that shows some efficacy with some herbs, but there is concern that consumption of infusions reduce milk intake in infants, at risk of malnutrition. Some plants like star anise can cause severe poisoning consumed in excess.

Look, renal colic refers only to pain from the kidney (one or both), for prognosis and complications know what you need to know is that you are causing this colic kidney stones ¿? kidney infection (pieolonefritis)? a hit? finally, Colic can have several causes ...
that depends on the answer,

Signs that you have a healthy pregnancy

Here are some ways if you want  to know while you have a healthy pregnancy signs that you have a healthy pregnancy

A well-planned pregnancy always ensure can have a healthy pregnancy. A healthy pregnancy keeps you healthy you and your child. There are some signs of a healthy pregnancy you should know. If you are not aware of these signs, then read on.

1. Nausea and vomiting

If a woman experiences vomiting or  nausea in the first trimester of pregnancy, then it's healthy. According to doctors, the change in hormone levels that causes this condition. Therefore, there is nothing to worry about.

2. Breast tenderness

Almost 90% of women experience breast tenderness during pregnancy. This is healthy because it indicates the development of the mammary glands. Some women experience breast pain, which is also normal.

3. Normal blood pressure

Most women tend to experience with high blood pressure when the second trimester of pregnancy. If blood pressure is normal, then there is nothing to worry about. There may be a slight change in the level of blood pressure, but this is normal in pregnancy.

4. Healthy Growth belly

Healthy growth ensures a healthy pregnancy belly. The doctor may also check the size of the belly, know about the normal fetal growth.

5. Growth of fetus

It is normal for a mother experiences fetal movement after the 15 week of pregnancy. When a woman is pregnant for the first time, it will take time if you want to feel the movements. This also indicates healthy pregnancy.

6. Hormone levels

Healthy levels your hormones such as progesterone estrogen are a must to have a healthy pregnancy. If both levels are low, there is a possibility of possible miscarriage. If hormone levels are balanced, ensuring the good health of the mother and fetus.

7. Weight gain

Weight gain plays an important role in pregnancy. 20-40 pounds is the ideal weight gain during pregnancy. But this also depends on the individual body. The normal weight gain does not cause problems in delivery.

8. Proper hydration

Having enough water, ensures  a healthy your pregnancy. Having with enaught water helps prevent problems such as leg cramps and blood clots. Proper hydration keeps the mother and the unborn child healthy.

9. Healthy eating when pregnancy

Some women can loss of appetite in the first trimester of pregnancy. In the second phase, this should be fine. Eating habits also ensure a healthy pregnancy.

Here are some signs of normal, healthy pregnancy.

Common symptoms during pregnancy
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Gestate a baby is hard work. Your body goes through many changes as the baby grows and your own hormones change. Along with the aches and pains of pregnancy, you will feel new or changing symptoms.

Still, many pregnant women report feeling healthier than ever.

Fatigue
Most women feel tired during the first few months and then again towards the end. The exercise, rest and proper diet can make you feel less tired. It may also be useful to take rest breaks or naps every day.

Problems with urination
In early pregnancy, probably more times you go to the bathroom.

As your uterus grows and rises in the abdomen (belly), the need to urinate often may decrease.
Even so, it will urinate more throughout pregnancy. This means that also need to drink more water, and feel more thirsty than before pregnancy.
As the birth approaches and baby descend into your pelvis, you need to urinate more and the amount of urine eliminated at some point will be lower (bladder contains less due to the pressure of the baby).
If you feel pain when you urinate or notice a change in the smell or color of urine, call your health care provider. These could be signs of a bladder infection.

Some pregnant women also leak urine when coughing or sneezing. For most women, this disappears after the baby is born. If this happens, start doing Kegel exercises to strengthen pelvic floor muscles.

vaginal discharge
You may notice more vaginal discharge during pregnancy. Call your doctor if the flow:

It has a foul odor.
It has a greenish color.
It makes you feel itchy.
Cause pain or discomfort.
Constipation

Have difficulty defecating is normal during pregnancy. This is because:

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can slow the digestive tract.
Later in pregnancy, the pressure of the uterus on the rectum may also worsen the problem.
You can relieve constipation:

By eating raw fruits and vegetables, such as prunes, for more fiber.
Eating whole grain or bran cereal for more fiber.
Using a fiber supplement regularly.
Drinking plenty of water (8-9 cups a day).
Ask your health care provider about using a stool softener. Similarly, avoid laxatives during pregnancy.

9 signs that your pregnancy is going well

Many mothers are worried and distressed wondering whether their babies are growing well and if their pregnancies are lapsing normally.

Do you want to know 9 signs that your pregnancy march on smooth sailing?

1. Your blood pressure is normal
Controlling blood pressure is one of the clinical parameters that should be followed more closely during pregnancy since an increase of it can cause serious complications for mother and baby.
Between 8 and 10% of pregnant women develop high blood pressure during pregnancy. Whenever concurras your prenatal care, your obstetrician will measure the pressure, because early detection of hypertension is essential to establish an appropriate treatment.
During pregnancy, the systolic pressure should be less than 140 mm Hg and diastolic should not exceed 90 mm Hg. The detection of higher values ​​in two or more opportunities indicate the presence of hypertension.

The fact that your blood pressure remains within normal limits is an indicator that your baby will get enough oxygen and nutrients to grow normally.


2. Curve tolerance normal glucose within normal values
About 4% of pregnant women develop diabetes during pregnancy. As with other types of diabetes, gestational diabetes is a condition in which the body has difficulty in managing sugar levels in the blood, causing high blood glucose. Gestational diabetes, when left untreated, can have severe consequences for the baby: can have a high birth weight, birth defects and fetal death in utero.
During the 26th week of pregnancy, your obstetrician will ask for a study called oral tolerance test glucose. The fact that this study will shed normal laboratory values, indicates that not suffer from gestational diabetes.


3. Your baby grows harmoniously and amniotic fluid is adequate
In the first trimester ultrasound scans it will be verified that the gestational sac is within the uterine cavity and at about 5 weeks gestation this embryo heartbeat
biparietal diameter, femoral length and abdominal circumference: In the scans performed during the second and third trimester, some parameters that will indicate whether your baby is growing properly corroborated. When there is a problem in which the baby does not get enough oxygen supply and nutrients, ultrasound will show that the fetal abdomen continues to grow and amniotic fluid decreases.
Every time you perform a scan that is normal, thinks your baby is fine !!


4. You do not have contractions
The contractions are classified according to their intensity and frequency, and these, of course, vary as the pregnancy progresses.
Contractions may be of 3 types:

1- Focal contractions: those of such low intensity that you do not notice it. Occur until the 30th week of pregnancy. They are very common, you can have up to 6 daily.

Braxton Hicks 2: begin to notice them clearly from the 24th week of gestation. They are more intense, but not painful. Not invade the entire uterus, but cover only some areas, and can have up to 10 daily. There may be up to a contraction per hour., but more than three per hour is not normal. This is a figure that should serve as a guide.

The most important thing is that normal or physiological contractions devoid of rhythm and therefore can feel two or three in half an hour and not notice any more until several hours later or even the next day. If you are annoying and more frequent than normal, consult your doctor

3- contractions of labor: are much stronger, annoying and dangerous because if not inhibited, may conclude with preterm labor. Modify the cervix and are similar to those of the first stage of labor. When presented before the end of pregnancy, the doctor will prescribe drugs to slow the process and order you to rest and may even require hospitalization.
The fact that these contractions of labor before 37 weeks is another indication that your pregnancy goes smoothly.


5. Your baby moves
The presence of fetal movement is an indicator that your baby is fine and reactive. Take some time every day to lie down and check that your baby move. It is always advisable that before you do eat something sweet, this will increase your blood sugar and your baby will move.


6. The screening of Down syndrome was normal
This prenatal screening test, nuchal translucency is done using an ultrasound between weeks 11 and 14 of pregnancy. clear or translucent tissue of the baby's neck is measured space. This measurement helps assess the risk of the baby having Down syndrome or other genetic abnormalities.

Depending on the medical center nuchal translucency can be combined with other studies to increase its predictive value. You can perform blood tests to measure the free fraction of the Beta-hCG and PAPP-A and triple screening test proteins. These screening tests together have an accuracy of 85 to 95% for detecting Down syndrome.

Another factor has been added to screening for Down syndrome is the presence of nasal bone: if there
is between weeks 11 and 14, there are more chances of the baby having Down syndrome.


7. You took folate
Folic acid is a vitamin found naturally in many fruits, vegetables and grains and is essential for the baby because it helps the formation of the neural tube. This tube is part of the embryo which later becomes the brain and spinal cord.

When the neural tube fails to close, babies are born with a serious birth defect called neural tube defect. Many pregnancies affected by this disease end in spontaneous abortions or births of children lifeless.

The shortcomings of the most common neural tube are spina bifida and anencephaly. The first is one of the most important causes of childhood disability and anencephaly is a condition characterized by a baby born with skull and poorly developed brain.

The taking folic acid during the first trimester of pregnancy can prevent this problem. There is evidence that if all females take folic acid before conception and during early pregnancy, the amount of babies born with neural tube defects will be decreased to 70%.

8. Your detailed fetal scan was normal
The most important of pregnancy ultrasound is being performed prowling the 20th week of pregnancy and is called Scan Fetal. This study allows us to observe the abdominal organs, stomach, intestines, bladder, kidneys, and check if the baby swallows and urine. also can watch the baby thoracic organs, the heart and lungs, and get a more accurate diagnosis result when attached with an echocardiogram.

The evaluation of the fetal spine and skull is also possible through this study to discard pathologies neural tube such as spina bifida.

If the result of your fetal scan is normal, it means that all devices and systems for your baby are normal.


9. Fetal monitoring
Fetal monitoring should be performed routinely after the 37th week of gestation in normal pregnancies and in specific cases even earlier.
Its reactive result is indicative of fetal health, while the non-reactive result does not necessarily mean illness, therefore it should be reiterated in a timely manner.
If you've done a fetal monitoring and was reactive, this means that your baby is fine.

Warning signs in newborns and infants

Before a child under 30 days or an infant small (children under one year) most are doubts. usually, they might have an infection, from a simple like "cold" (which usually are normal sneezing with all newborns) to a potentially serious condition that it is generally suspect because parents notice the child warm. This post explains what is the normal temperature of newborns and why should not entertain too much, something as detrimental as not shelter them at all.

It also explains that it is rare that a newborn has a fever, so yes symptoms may indicate an infection or box, to which one should always go to a hospital emergency department detailing.


Temperature newborn
The baby has exactly the same temperature as adults: if the mother passes hot or cold, he will too, so you should not harbor too much in summer but not in winter. It will be comfortable wearing roughly the same proportion of clothing bearing the mother. Do not be obsessed with the thermometer continually put the small, it is very rare that a child has a fever a month (the largest one month they can be more easily). The warning signs of an infection in a newborn usually more than fever, the presence of irritability, persistent crying that does not yield, discolored or bad tone, among others (see below).

What to do if you notice the newborn warm
If hot note to a newborn will loosen your clothing or 10-15cc Take it away and offer water bottle, never forcing the child to drink. Usually temperature increases are too warm or mild dehydration. In case of persistent high temperature at 15 or 20 minutes of having done this, you should see a pediatric service to value the child, since in that case yes it could be a real increase in temperature boy.

Fever in infants
In an infant 3-4 months with a fever, you should go to a hospital emergency department because they generally have to carry out analytical for potentially severe infections. In older infants 4-5 months with fever, their valuation depends on the overall state: those children with fair or poor general condition (wrong color, tone, do not eat with petechiae in the skin, they are decayed or may be dehydrated, for example), they should always be measured in a hospital emergency department and urgent. Those with good general condition (good color tone, they eat and are smiling and playing), can be measured with less urgency and in a non-hospital setting, such as the health center.

Warning signs in a newborn or young infant
Generally newborns should not have just problems: a newborn healthy and happy (well fed) will always have a rosy color, shrunken arms and legs (position open book) and of course a super suction as it's up and starts making the chest. With good taste, color and normal suction is that the child is healthy, which also corroborate the pediatrician in reviews.

A spot temperature rise is usually not the best indicator of disease, but of course has to be assessed if not immediately yield to loosen clothing or give the baby to drink water.

In the presence of bad color, tone or suction should go to a hospital emergency room. These data (color, tone and suction) are previously will alter in the event that something does not go well and are the ones that should alert if they are altered. For any questions you should ideally always consult with a pediatrician.

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Warning signs in the newborn

During pregnancy probably read, you asked your doctor and your family how to care for your baby at birth, especially if you're a new mother, because you're worried about signs of alarm and how to identify them.

A baby is considered newborn until the 28th and is a stage where you will learn to know their behavior is good to have in mind how you sleep, how much you eat, how it is handled, your mood, if you move a lot or more While calm, if he cries constantly or is silent; All these can help you determine if your baby is sick.

In order for you to consider all the recommendations for healthy development of the baby, you will find a list of some of the warning signs that you should pay attention to avoid complications. Remember to consult with your doctor all the doubts.
signs

• bluish skin: If you notice that your baby has a blue hue around your mouth, hands or feet and this sign is not related to the weather in the environment and has no relation to a cold bath, you should immediately consult doctor, even more so if you notice that your baby has difficulty breathing.

• Changes in body temperature: You need to have in mind that the temperature of your baby should not be above 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees Fahrenheit), because it could be a fever, and should be below 36 degrees Celsius ( 96.8 degrees Fahrenheit), which could be hypothermia. Remember to wrap it too can contribute to the increase in temperature.

• Decreased appetite: Remember that all babies are different and do not always take standardized quantities of milk, the baby will be fed according to their need. However if you notice that at any moment the baby tends to reject food and have vomiting and swelling in the abdomen, it is necessary to consult with your doctor to determine the cause.

• Vomiting: When the baby feeds, it is normal that some of your milk is returned, either because he has not swallowed whole or blows air because this is what is known as regurgitation; You know that it is not as such vomit because it is a small amount and the baby does not force. If, however, notes that the baby is constantly throwing up larger amounts, it's not just milk (it has a sour smell because it bile), you notice that your abdomen is collapsed or become inflamed and starts to present weight loss consultation doctor immediately.

• Stools, two cases may occur: the baby grow and become watery stools, sometimes with presence of mucus or blood, accompanied by discomfort or vomiting; in this case it is a diarrhea which you must pay attention to prevent dehydration. Or it may be constipation, ie decrease in bowel movements, hard consistency and to cause discomfort. You must not supply laxative for any reason the baby, the recommendation is to take him or her.

Cord care in infants 0 to 6 months

Caring for the umbilical area and the rest of the umbilical cord.
Follow these general guidelines to protect the rest of the umbilical cord of your baby.
Every time you have to change your baby's diaper, pay special attention to the area of ​​the base of the cord around the navel. To remove moisture that may accumulate, clean the entire area of ​​soft but meticulously. Do not worry. You will not hurt your baby, because there are no nerve endings in the rest of the umbilical cord.

Make sure you get air to the rest of the cord. This will help it heal and dry faster.
Try to avoid touching the rest diapers cord. You can fold the diaper below the cord or you can use disposable diapers are on sale at the top.

Let the rest of the umbilical cord falls off alone. We often recommend cleaning the rest of the cord with alcohol. New data suggest that if dried naturally, the cord will fall faster. Remember also that babies are born with "internal" or "external" navels. Do not try to cover the cord area with coins, bandages or wraps to change a characteristic with which your baby was born. These techniques will not work and only cause problems.

Techniques bath
Once the cord has fallen, you can bathe your child in a special container or baby bath. For more information, see the articles related to this topic in dodot.com.


Remember that self-medicate the baby can be counterproductive, it is better than a proper medical assessment and recommended treatment according to their condition becomes.

The Birth Weight and Your Baby

Babies change very quickly. During the first year of life, a baby comes to triple the weight you had at birth, increasing its height by 50%, they will start to get their first little teeth, learn to crawl and then to walk and maybe even begin to say their first words.

Since these many changes in a short period of time, how important is the weight that had the baby at birth ?.

What weight can be considered normal for a newborn baby?
Most babies born at term (which were born between 37 weeks and 40 weeks) weigh between 6 pounds, 2 ounces (2,812 grams) and 9 pounds, 2 ounces (4,173 grams) and measure between 19 and 21 inches (48 to 53 cms.).

Most babies lose a little weight after birth. This occurs due to excess fluid present at the time of birth, and not cause for alarm. If, however, your baby will lose too much weight, this could be a sign indicating the presence of a health problem and the same / a should be monitored by a doctor.

Weight gain and stature is a very good indicator of good health in newborn babies. The weight and height of your baby should be closely monitored during the first months of life. A baby is growing normally considered safe and healthy, while poor growth can be an indicator of problems.


Under birthweight?
Babies born weighing less than 3 pounds, 4 ounces (1,500 grams) are considered very low birth weight babies. Only about 1.5% of babies born weighing too little. These babies are very thin in appearance, and her skin is certainly very pale or almost transparent.


Who they are affected by weigh less at birth?
Babies born prematurely and babies who are born of multiple pregnancies are more likely to be skinny  about 33% of triplets and 10% of twins are very likely to be born with very low weight. Other factors that could cause low birth weight are:

• Age: Young women, especially those under 15, women are at serious risk of delivering babies with low birth weights.
• Mother's Health: Women who have smoked, taken drugs or consumed alcohol are more likely to give birth with low birth weights. Women who eat poorly, or not subject to proper prenatal care, with often-because of their socio-economic status or complicated pregnancies, are more likely to give birth with low birthweights.
• In the US, African-American women are twice as likely than Caucasian women to give very skinny babies.

Common problems of babies born with very low birth weight
Difficulty feeding and gaining weight.

• Development of infections.
• Low levels of oxygen at birth.
• Inability to maintain body temperature.
• Suffering from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
• Suffering from neurological problems, for example: intraventricular hemorrhage.
• gastrointestinal problems, for example, NEC or necrotizing enterocolitis , a serious disease of the intestine common in premature babies.
• Breathing problems, such as: SARS (a respiratory disease caused by lung immaturity).

Among the long-term complications for babies who are born with very low birth weight they include

• Cerebral palsy.
• Deafness.
• mental retardation.
• Blindness.

Much lower the weight, the greater the chances that the baby will eventually develop  intellectual and neurological problems.

High birth weight and large stature Taking into account the gestational age
A baby born weighing 8 pounds, 14.8 ounces is considered a heavy weight baby; medical condition also known as macrosomia. Because the same / as fall within the normal range, they are not usually considered at risk infants. More problematic are very large babies, taking into account gestational age (LGA).

The term babies weighing more than 9 lbs, 3 ounces (4,200 grams) and girls born weighing more than 8 pounds, 9 ounces (4,034 grams) are considered LGA.


Factors Causing Great size, Considering Gestational Age
Genetics may play a role in the birth of LGA (for its acronym in English). Some babies will simply be high because their parents are high. The amount of weight gained by the mother during pregnancy can also play a key role with respect to the weight that will have the baby at birth, especially if it is not considered excessive.

Maternal diabetes (gestational diabetes or pre-existing ) is one of the most common causes of the development of LGA. High levels of sugar in the mother's blood cause the baby's body produces extra insulin, which could eventually lead to the development of fatty deposits and overgrowth.


Common problems of LGA babies
Difficulties during labor caused by the large size of the LGA babies are one of the most common problems. Among the problems related to labor and delivery of these babies may include:

• Difficulty being born.
• unduly prolonged vaginal delivery.
• Increase in cesarean deliveries.

When a diabetic mother is the cause of LGA, the baby will probably have problems regulating their blood glucose. This raises the following issues:

• Increased incidence of birth defects.
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
• Respiratory distress / difficulty breathing.
• Hyperbilirubinemia - yellowish appearance of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes.

Remember that it is important to monitor the weight of newborn babies in order to ensure that they are safe, healthy and that its growth is normal. Birth weight is not necessarily an indicator of the ultimate size of the child when he / she reaches maturity. Many babies are born with very low birth weight or very high weight grow perfectly healthy, and become adults of normal size.

Signs of normal development in the newborn

Posture and movements

• His posture is symmetrical and fairly rigid.
• When his back, his head looks straight ahead, arms and legs are bent over the body, so that the beads do not touch the bed. He makes sudden, involuntary and uncoordinated movements.
• Face down, knees are bent under her abdomen. only able to raise his head just enough to turn it from side to side.
• If you are up estirándole arm, hangs her head and arms and legs flexed maintained.

Reflexes

The newborn has curious reflections pediatrician explores the first reviews to ensure normal and proper development of the nervous system. Some, such as sucking, you are of course very useful. Others are a sign of his neurological immaturity and should lose over time.

Search. Also called "reflection of the cardinal points" when something touches the corner of his mouth, turns her head and opens her mouth looking in the direction of the stimulus (or at the cardinal point where he has played). This will be used to start the shots and, like all reflections, is an involuntary movement.

Suction. To a contact in your palate reacts sucking. This reflex does not fully mature until 36 weeks of pregnancy, which explains the difficulties that premature may have to suck vigorously and effectively.

Moor. Normal for the first three or four months and named in honor of its discoverer, also known as startle reflex, because this is how it is caused. The pediatrician often explore letting his head drop sharply back, causing him to open his arms and legs, then finally mourn and limbs back to its original position. it can also trigger a sound, including the baby's crying himself.

Tonic neck. To five or six months, turning his head to one side, the arm on that side stretches and the other is bent at the elbow, taking what pediatricians call "fencing" position.

Understanding. By rubbing the back of his hand, his fingers close tightly. In preterm it is so energetic that allows them to stay in the air hanging from the finger scanner. Lasting up to four months.

Automatic start. To the first or second month, you may get to hold him take a few steps with his feet on a flat surface.

senses

The baby is born with the five senses and is able to react to pain, heat, cold and even to distinguish sounds, smells and tastes.

View. The eyes begin to develop four weeks after fertilization, and four months pregnant, are already sensitive to light.

• At birth, the baby is able to see the light and distinguish colors, perceiving contrasts, movements and sudden changes in lighting. You can look at the faces and bright objects in their visual field.
• Focuses what you are 20 or 30 cm from your eyes, that is, the distance that normally face their parents is when you have held.
• In a curious experiment, it was observed that with 10 hours of life, spent more time without looking pictures normal faces when they were aggressive.

Ear.The fetus perceives sounds and mothers will notice kicking or moving to loud noises. The newborn already has the ear fully developed.

• Within a few hours of life, their heart rate speeds more so the more intense sound.
• Pay special attention to the human voice and, according to some studies, it seems to prefer the high tones of the female voice to the serious own men.
• During the first few weeks, you can react to sounds with a very spectacular start and getting to mourn (Moro reflex) or an almost imperceptible change of activity, blinking, or by not sucking or breathing for a moment.

Smell. From the first day of life, the baby reacts to smells. It has been shown that discriminates between anise odor and onion, and the latter makes it away. Another study is able to recognize the smell of their mother to the point that on the sixth day you recognize your chest between other women precisely because of the smell.

Taste. Underdeveloped at birth, matures very quickly, so that a fortnight, the baby already shows your preferences. He rejects faces and movements of the tongue extrusion acidic and salty flavors, while reacting positively to sugar, licking his lips.

Touch. It is the first sense to develop. The skin around the mouth is sensitive to eight weeks of pregnancy and above 20 weeks, which is already the whole body. The newborn is very sensitive to the way he touched and handled, and physical contact is the earliest and most primitive form of communication and a critical element in bonding with the baby.

The healthy newborn

Throughout pregnancy the fetus has matured to successfully face life outside the womb. Birth is a challenge for the newborn and the first contact with the outside world.
The first time that parents see the newborn them may surprise you.
The weight of a baby born on schedule, can range between 2500 and 4000 grams and measuring about 50 cm. A newborn baby born between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation is called term newborn; if born before 37 weeks are called premature and after 42, post-term. These latter two situations are not ideal for the newborn, which may have some health problem.


general appearance and skin
His body is warm and the skin is covered with a fat and whitish substance called vernix caseosa (that is produced by the skin of the fetus in late pregnancy and serves to protect the skin). also they have a thin layer of hair on arms, legs and back called lanugo. Both cheesy vernix and lanugo will disappear over time.

 The color at birth may be slightly bluish, will turning pink during the first minutes. Hands and feet may have a whitish or bluish hue for several more hours. It is important to maintain well-sheltered the newborn and maintain skin contact with the mother (it is the best source of heat for the baby); as they are so fragile still they do not know to regulate the temperature and can be cooled very quickly.
 Skin, also it is adapting to a different environment than the womb, usually flake during the first days, in the form of small plates.

 In the face whitish spots that are called millos will disappear after a few days and then they can appear. Gum these points may also be present and are called Ebstein beads.
check newborn


Head
It's bigger than the rest of the body proportionally. In cesarean deliveries without head can take an elongated shape due to the passage of the baby through the birth canal. In a few days it will regain its normal shape.

The face may be a little swollen, especially the eyes and lips that gradually decrease in volume.
At the head of the newborn can play some more blanditas areas are called fontanelles. This is because the skull is not fully closed (it closes completely within 18 months of life). In some cases cranial sutures may be acabalgadas, because the skull has been molded during passage through the birth canal. Everything returns to normal in a few days.

Baby hair is thin and soft and gradually falls during the first weeks of life.
The eyes have a bluish appearance, although the final color you can't know until 6-12 months. Most newborns do not combine the look, that is, the two eyes do not go to one and may appear to be crossed. Days with mature vision and the look is back to normal.



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Extremities
Usually bent, the newborn is like curled in fetal position during the first weeks of life. The feet and hands can take longer than the rest of the body to acquire a pink color after birth. The nails are thin and very fragile. There are babies born with nails very long hands; to prevent not to scratch the face can put their mittens.
Thorax and abdomen
Due to maternal hormones, some infants have an inflammation of the mammary gland, including a drop of milk can be observed; no big deal and disappears day.
In the belly umbilical cord is attached with a plastic clip. When he falls in one or two weeks, it will leave a scar is the navel.

Newborn test
Genitals
They are always a little swollen. In the case of girls, for the passage of maternal hormones can be seen flow and a small vaginal bleeding (like a period); do not be alarmed, it is normal. In children testes palpable in the scrotum that may be slightly swollen.
Breathing and pulse
Newborns breathe very fast and irregularly. They make about 40 breaths per minute. The heart also goes very fast, between 80 to 180 beats per minute (depending on whether you are asleep or awake)


Urine and feces
The first void newborn should be in the first 24 hours s, it is a sign that your kidneys are working well and you are getting the right food.
The first stools are black, sticky (such as tar or pitch) and are called meconium. The first meconium should occur in the first 48 hours; It consists of mucus, bile salts and epithelial rests the baby has swallowed in the womb. Once you eject all this content, Lee will have a yellow to green, lumpy and liquid.

What are the signs of a healthy fetus

From conception until the 10th week of your pregnancy, your baby is an embryo, according to the website of the Medical Center of the University of Maryland. It becomes a fetus at the end of the 10th week. During the embryonic period, when the baby is experiencing rapid cell growth and development, it has more risk of interference from external to their health and development threats. Once entering the fetal period, fetal behavior is the sign of health, but doctors usually do routine tests and tests to determine the health of the baby.

Movement
About 5 months of pregnancy, your baby will begin to move. The first fetal movement is called acceleration, according to the Cleveland Clinic. A 6-month fetus reacts to sounds with movements, unstable movements can be a sign that hiccups. Around the 7th month, responds to stimuli such as pain, sound and light. Your baby changes positions often and 8th month kicks more frequently. At 9 months it moves less because he has a lot of room. It may be that your doctor will ask you to take control of fetal movements you experience, counting kicks and reporting changes.

Normal growth and development
It may be that your doctor will do certain routine tests to determine fetal development. An ultrasound helps you to see your baby and assess growth. According to the website of the Medical Center of the University of Maryland, a healthy 5-month fetus measures about 10 inches (25 cm). If it grows 2 inches a month, in the month 7 measured 14 inches (30 cm). Between weeks 29 and 30, or in the third quarter, a healthy fetus grows about 1/2 ounce (15 g) per week. For the ninth month your healthy fetus will weigh about 7 pounds (3.2 kg) and measure 18 to 20 inches (45-50 cm).

healthy heartbeat
Electronic fetal monitoring is used to control the heartbeat of the fetus during pregnancy, according to the Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists in the United States. Examination of the non-stress and stress of contractions allow your doctor to look for potential problems and confirm heart health of your baby. During delivery the heartbeat of the fetus, to be maintained at a rate of between 110 and 160 beats per minute is also monitored.

Pre-natal slump
Even though your baby is moving less during the 9th month, it is during this period that changes the position to prepare for childbirth. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the fetus down to your pelvis and head pointing toward the birth canal.


Pattern of respiratory movements in the healthy fetus with normal growth
A descriptive model of cross-sectional variable studied by Doppler color technology through time series analysis and the theory of dynamical systems was addressed. The population consists of pregnant and sample audio signals 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria. These were acquired with an ultrasound-Doppler color Brand APOGEE 800 PLUS with 3.5 MHz convex transducer which collected the analog audio signal through a BNC connection RCA audio output and video delequipo stored on personal computer under Windows using Adobe Systems, Audacity software, which allowed export the audio data to numeric data and apply mathematical analysis. For nonlinear analysis data were processed with FDM packages, Rtisean and tseriesChaos under R. Obtained correlation dimension (DC) programming, the sample was divided into 2 groups: premature pregnancies with fetuses (32-36 weeks) and term (37 to 38 weeks). The Χ ± SD of the DC term fetuses was = 0, 71 ± 0.06 DS and premature group DS 0.73 ± 0.06 with a test t = - 2.304 and P value <0.023 * statistically significant. It is concluded that the identification of patterns during pregnancy MRF includes a variability and complexity of the behavior of a dynamical system.

The decrease in perinatal mortality to 12 per 1,000 in most centers in relation to the last decade is due to the application of specific techniques for fetal assessment. Thus, through high-resolution ultrasound it has become increasingly possible not only accurate diagnosis of acute and chronic fetal asphyxia but health (1).

This has been studied various biophysical variables fetal indicators of fetal well as fetal tone, spontaneous fetal movements, the amount of amniotic fluid, the presence of fetal breathing movements (MRF) described by Manning in the fetal biophysical profile (2) and aortocaval (2: 1) relationship proposed by Dr. Inaudy Bolivar in 1983, which states that under normal conditions the diameter of the aorta is usually almost twice the inferior vena cava and the latter collapses during fetal breathing movements (3).

The human fetus has more or less rhythmic breathing movements episodes, interspersed with longer periods of apnea. These fetal breathing movements are part of the study parameters of different biophysical profiles designed to assess fetal well-being, and constitute one of the variables that determine the different stages of fetal behavior, along with heart rate and body movements and eye ...